English Literature in Victorian Age- for LT Grade/TGT/ PGT, हिंदी में सही जानकारी

Victorian literature is literature, mainly written in English, during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (the Victorian era). It was preceded by Romanticism and followed by the Edwardian Era (1901-1910).

While in the preceding Romantic period poetry had been the dominant genre, it was the novel that was most important in the Victorian period. Charles Dickens (1812–1870) dominated the first part of Victoria's reign: his first novel, Pickwick Papers, was published in 1836, and his last Our Mutual Friend between 1864–5. William Thackeray's (1811–1863) most famous work Vanity Fair appeared in 1848, and the three Brontë sisters, Charlotte (1816–55), Emily (1818–48) and Anne (1820–49), also published significant works in the 1840s. A major later novel was George Eliot's (1819–80) Middlemarch (1872), while the major novelist of the later part of Queen Victoria's reign was Thomas Hardy (1840–1928), whose first novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, appeared in 1872 and his last, Jude the Obscure, in 1895.

Robert Browning (1812–89) and Alfred Tennyson (1809–92) were Victorian England's most famous poets, though more recent taste has tended to prefer the poetry of Thomas Hardy, who, though he wrote poetry throughout his life, did not publish a collection until 1898, as well as that of Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89), whose poetry was published posthumously in 1918. Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) is also considered an important literary figure of the period, especially his poems and critical writings. Early poetry of W. B. Yeats was also published in Victoria's reign. With regard to the theatre it was not until the last decades of the nineteenth century that any significant works were produced. This began with Gilbert and Sullivan's comic operas, from the 1870s, various plays of George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) in the 1890s, and Oscar Wilde's (1854–1900) The Importance of Being Earnest

Popular writers of Victorean Age

1. Charles Dickens

2. William Thackeray

3. Anne, Charlotte and Emily Bronte

4. George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

5. Thomas Hardy

Famous work Charles Dickens—The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, A Christmas Carole, Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations,

Famous work of William Thackeray —Vanity Fair (subtitled A Novel without a Hero)

George Eliot ---

Famous work—The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch

Thomas hardy—

Famous work—Under the Greenwood tree, Far from the Maddening Crowd, The Mayor of Castor Bridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure,

Poetry in Victorian Age

Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barret Browning,

Both wrote love poems.

Robert Browning famous poems—

"Andrea del Sarto" (also called "The Faultless Painter") is a poem by (1812–1889) published in his 1855 poetry collection, Men and Women. It is a dramatic monologue, a form of poetry for which he is famous, about the Italian painter Andrea del Sarto.

Fra Lippo Lippi is an 1855 dramatic monologue which first appeared in his collection Men and Women. Throughout this poem, Browning depicts a 15th-century real-life painter, Filippo Lippi. The poem asks the question whether art should be true to life or an idealized image of life. The poem is written in blank verse, non-rhyming iambic pentameter.

"My Last Duchess" is a poem frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. It first appeared in 1842 in Browning's Dramatic Lyrics.^[1] The poem is written in 28 rhyming couplets of iambic pentameter.

The Lost Leader is an 1845 poem first published in his book Dramatic Romances and Lyrics. It berates William Wordsworth, for what Browning considered his desertion of the liberal cause,^[1] and his lapse from his high idealism.^[2] More generally, it is an attack on any liberal leader who has deserted his cause. It is one of Browning's "best known, if not actually best, poems".^[3]
Just for a handful of silver he left us,
Just for a ribbon ^[4] to stick in his coat—
Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us,
Lost all the others she lets us devote;

Elizabeth Barrett Browning—famous work: "How Do I Love Thee?" (Sonnet 43, 1845) and Aurora Leigh (1856).

Mathew Arnold

Matthew Arnold famous poems--

"Dover Beach" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold

"The Scholar Gipsy" (1853). It has often been called one of the best and most popular of Arnold's poems,

"Thyrsis" (from the title of Theocritus's poem "Θύρσις") is a poem written by Matthew Arnold in December 1865 to commemorate his friend, the poet Arthur Hugh Clough, who had died in November 1861 aged only 42.

Culture and Anarchy is a series of periodical essays by Matthew Arnold, first published in Cornhill Magazine 1867-68 and collected as a book in 1869. The preface was added in 1875.^[1]
Arnold's famous piece of writing on culture established his High Victorian cultural agenda which remained dominant in debate from the 1860s until the 1950s.

Literature and Dogma

Alfred Lord Tennyson famous work-

Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, such as "Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears", and "Crossing the Bar". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as Ulysses, although "In Memoriam A.H.H." was written to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and student at Trinity College, Cambridge, after he died of a stroke at the age of 22.^[4] Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse including Idylls of the King, "Ulysses", and "Tithonus"

Brandon Thomas famous work—

farce Charley's Aunt. This play opened at Royal theatre, London on 21 December 1892. It ran for a record-breaking 1,466 performances across four years. For the first few weeks in London, Thomas played the role of Sir Francis Chesney, the benevolent father of one of the undergraduates; he regularly played the part in later revivals until shortly before his death. The play was an immediate success and transferred to the larger Globe Theatre on 30 January 1893. The Theatre recorded that Charley's Aunt had been taken up in country after country. "From Germany it made its way to Russia, Holland, Denmark and Norway, and was heartily welcomed everywhere."^[15] Thereafter, it was frequently revived for decades and successfully adapted for films and musicals After W. S. Gilbert, Oscar Wilde became the leading poet and dramatist of the late Victorian period.^[3

Science, philosophy and discovery

in Victorian Age

The Victorian era was an important time for the development of science . Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, remains famous.

Gothic Fiction in Victorian Literature

Gothic literature combines romance and horror in attempt to thrill and terrify the reader. Possible features in a gothic novel are foreign monsters, ghosts, curses, hidden rooms and witchcraft. Gothic tales usually take place in locations such as castles, monasteries, and cemeteries, although the gothic monsters sometimes cross over into the real world, making appearances in cities such as London.